In this study, N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) impregnation and high-temperature calcination were used to remove the epoxy sizing agent on the surface of commercial carbon fiber cloth (CFC), followed by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) surface modification of the treated CFC, and then finally anionic in-situ polymerization was used to prepare the composite of nylon 6 (PA6) in-situ coated carbon fiber cloth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the carbon fiber cloth before and after treatment and the composites of PA6 in-situ-coated carbon fiber cloth, while the effects of the removal method, the surface modification of the carbon fiber cloth by KH550, and anionic in-situ polymerization on the PA6-coated carbon fiber cloth were investigated. The results showed that DMF impregnation while high-temperature calcination treatment could effectively remove the epoxy resin on the surface of commercial carbon fiber cloth, but the effect of high-temperature calcination treatment was significantly better than that of DMF impregnation. The carbon fiber cloth modified by KH550 enhanced its wettability with caprolactam (CPL) melt and was conducive to the all-around encapsulation of PA6 on the surface of the carbon fiber cloth, which effectively solved the problems of uneven dispersion of the carbon fiber cloth in PA6 and poor interfacial bonding.