A rapid and sensitive on-site detection method is urgently needed to address the serious harm caused by pesticide abuse and residues to human body and environment. The aptamer sensors were constructed using specific carbaryl nucleic acid aptamers and polylysine (PLL) modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), while the performance of the sensors was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed the linear equation as ΔI (μA) =11.71 lgC+21.62, linear range 0.1 ng/mL~10 μg/mL, the linear correlation coefficient R2=0.998, and the detection limit being 83.47 pg/mL. The sensor has the advantages of good repeatability, stability and specificity.