Different concentrations of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPB) single and binary aqueous solution were prepared to study the cold storage characteristics of the quaternary ammonium salt solution system. The phase transition temperature and supercooling degree of the solution system were determined by the step cooling curve, and the latent heat of phase change and the uniformity of the substance were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the phase transition temperature and the amount of semi-cage hydrate formation of single and binary quaternary ammonium salt solutions increased with the increase of concentration, and reached a peak at 35% to 40% mass fraction. Under the condition of 40% concentration, both single and binary quaternary ammonium salt solutions could form a pure material system. 10%~35% single and binary compound solution formed by three kinds of guest materials could be used for cold storage application of 0~10℃, with latent heat up to 166.5~303.2 J/g; 40% single and binary compound solution could be used for accurate temperature adjustment from 2 to 13℃, with latent heat being 175.7~204.8 J / g, of which the temperature range of TBPB/TBAC mixed system could be adjusted within a bigger range.