In order to prevent the clove essential oil from volatilizing too fast from the packaging film, the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used for embedding the clove essential oil to prepare the antibacterial microcapsule, and then the microcapsules were added into the PLA/PVA blend membrane solution to prepare active antibacterial films. The effects of the mass ratio of PLA/PVA solution, the additive volume of microcapsules and blending temperature on the barrier properties and antibacterial properties of PLA/PVA composite films were studied. The results showed that with the condition of the mass ratio of PVA solution to PLA solution being 5:1, the mass fraction of added antibacterial microcapsules being 15% and the blending temperature being 80 ℃, the active antibacterial film had good barrier performance. The PLA/PVA antibacterial film based on the clove essential oil/β-CD microcapsules had a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, and the number of colonies was significantly reduced. The active film with antibacterial properties could be prepared by using the clove essential oil/β-CD microcapsules as antibacterial additive, which was of guiding significance to enhance the safety of food packaging.