Based on free radical polymerization mechanism, a new water-based acrylic emulsion with high damping loss factor was synthesized. The emulsion was then physically blended with polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form a polymer of latex particles with interpenetrating network structure, which was applied in the preparation of waterborne damping coatings. An environmentally friendly damping coating was obtained with excellent fire retardant performance, strong adhesion, high flexibility, special cold resistance, wide-temperature range and sound insulation in shock absorption, which has already been successfully applied in passenger trains in China.