Xidi and Hongcun in Anhui Yixian County are the outstanding representatives of China villages in the south of Anhui Province. Ancient villages in southern Anhui reflected the respect for nature in the location and the admiration of "the unity of heaven and man". The attention to details in the house decoration indicated the exquisite carving process with the reasonable structural layout and unique modeling. The residential architecture in ancient villages in southern Anhui provided the following enlightenments to the modern architectural design: the respect for the environment, location and construction as far as possible to maintain the natural form; the following of the“compliance with nature” thoughts in creation, coordination and unity of design and space and residential environment; reasonable layout while realizing the ecological construction targets and the sustainable developments of human and environment as well; the attention to treatment of buildings and residential landscape in color in order to alleviate the pressure of people’s tense life and work with a natural and gentle tone.