The ambient atmosphere in the package has an important impact on the performance of products. Using suitable packaging materials to control the composition and content of the ambient atmosphere in the package can effectively prolong the service life and storage time of products. In order to achieve excellent atmosphere control, packaging materials need to have suitable gas separation properties. Polyimide has attracted extensive attention owing to its excellent gas separation performance and thermal stability, but the gas permeation-selectivity balance problem limited its wide application. The latest research progress of polyimide gas separation membranes is reviewed, focusing on how to achieve the performance tuning of polyimide dense membranes and microporous membranes through molecular structure design, and provides an outlook on the development of polyimide-based gas separation membrane materials.