Blue fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method using biomass waste snowdrop peel as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source, with their application in anti-counterfeiting explored. The results showed that N-CQDs were spherical in shape with a particle size of about 1.88 nm, and had a graphene-like structure with amino and carboxyl groups on the surface. The fluorescence of the N-CQDs was responsive to Fe3+ and pH value. PAA was used as a substrate to prepare N-CQDs into screen inks, and the printed patterns were invisible under natural light, showing blue fluorescent patterns under UV light, and showing green phosphorescent patterns when UV light was removed. In addition, the fluorescence luminescence was significantly quenched by spraying Fe3+ solution or alkali solution on the pattern. This anti-counterfeiting pattern based on responsive fluorescent carbon quantum dots can achieve two modes of information storage: static and dynamic, which can provide higher information security and anti-counterfeiting level.