Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4 composites were prepared by a powder forging process using Al6092 as the metal matrix and SiCp and β-LiAlSiO4 as the ceramic particle reinforcement phases. The effects of solution aging on the mechanical properties, the microstructure, precipitation phases, and dislocations of the composites were revealed. The results showed that the solution aging treatment improved the stiffness and strength of Al6092/SiCp/β-LiAlSiO4 composites, and the solution aging promoted the generation of high dislocation density zones and Mg2Si precipitation phases in the samples, which increased the stress required for plastic deformation of the composites. In addition, the high modulus property of micron-sized SiCp could spontaneously carry loads, and the introduction of β-LiAlSiO4 promoted the dispersion of the reinforcing phase. In conclusion, the solution aging treatment and the particle-reinforced phase can jointly improve the deformation resistance of Al6092.