To improve the pressure bearing capacity of aerogel composites, a paper honeycomb was designed as a sandwich, and a sandwich panel composed of aerogel composite materials on both sides was designed to explore whether the sandwich panel could replace polyurethane foam and be applied to the insulation sandwich of the refrigeration house wall. The thermal insulation performance of paper honeycomb, aerogel composite and aerogel paper honeycomb sandwich panel was analyzed by the test data measured by the thermal conductivity meter, and the influence of material thickness on the thermal conductivity of aerogel honeycomb sandwich panel was discussed. The results found that when the thickness of the paper honeycomb was thin, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel paper honeycomb sandwich panel was lower than that of the polyurethane foam board. When the thickness of the paper honeycomb was 10 mm, the aperture size was 6 mm, and the thickness of the aerogel composite material was 10 mm or 15 mm, the thermal conductivity was lower than 0.03 W/(m·K), meeting the material requirements of thermal insulation industry in China.