The evolution of nanoprecipitated phases in Al-Cu alloys under severe plastic deformation (SPD) was summarized. SPD at room temperature induced the precipitation of Al-Cu alloys to dissolve, leading to the reformation of supersaturated solid solution in the aluminum matrix. In the process of SPD or aging treatment after the SPD, the reprecipitated phases were precipitated from the aluminum matrix and the mechanical properties of the alloys were remarkably improved. The mechanism, system of the redissolution of precipitation phases and the effects of redissolution and reprecipitation on the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu alloys were comprehensively analyzed. The development and research direction of redissolution and reprecipitation of nanoprecipitated phases in Al-Cu alloys were also described in order to provide a theoretical reference for further application of Al-Cu alloys materials.