Plant essential oils which performed well in storage and preservation of strawberry were selected in order to research the inhibitory effect of fennel, thyme, basil and rosemary against botrytis cinerea, rhizopus and aspergillus niger. The dilution method was used in screening and the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial was determined. Finally, the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main antimicrobial components of thyme essential oil. The results showed that in the selected four kinds of essential oils, thyme oil had antibacterial properties of broad spectrum and high efficiency, and the minimum inhibitory concentration against grey mould, rhizopus and aspergillus niger were all 2 L/L. The main antibacterial components of thyme essential oil were thyme phenol and carvacrol, whose relative mass fractions were 23.52% and 3.76% respectively, and absolute mass concentrations were 181.594 9 mg/mL and 27.665 6 mg/mL respectively.