Non-petroleum based biodegradable plastic produced from natural polymer (starch, cellulose, chitin, etc.) has significant advantages in the aspects of resource and environment. It has been widely used in the field of food packaging. Modern molecular design methods enabled researchers to get rid of a lot of experimental work required in the original development of new polymer, and find a new shortcut to the modified synthesis which has expedited the development of new polymer. Modified technology, green synthesis technology and low cost technology of natural high polymer material are three key technologies in the further development of non-petroleum based food packaging biodegradable plastics.