Strengthening the heat exchange of cooling water pipes is of great significance for improving the heat transfer performance of cooling staves and extending their service life. By adopting a Fluent numerical simulation, a research has thus been conducted on the effect of three types of enhanced heat transfer tubes, namely, dimple tubes, threaded tubes, and twisted elliptical tubes, on the heat transfer performance of the cooling stave, followed by an optimization of the structural parameters of the enhanced heat transfer tubes. It is suggested that the structural parameters of the dimple tubes be set as follows, the longitudinal spacing of the dimple tubes being 40 mm, the radial number of dimples being 4, and the dimple radius being 2 mm, the set structural parameters of the threaded tube being 4 ribs, with a rib height of 1mm, a rib width of 5~7 mm, and a lead of 25~40 mm. The structural parameter of the twisted elliptical tubes should be set with a lead not exceeding 100 mm, with the short to long axis ratios between 0.4 and 0.6. Comparative analysis of experimental results shows that threaded tubes and twisted elliptical tubes are characterized with a better heat transfer enhancement effect on cooling staves, while dimple tubes are poorer in performance. Twisted elliptical tubes can achieve better heat transfer enhancement effects at the cost of smaller water pipe pressure loss.