Previous studies have shown that split columns, which are characterized with good ductility, can be used in earthquake-prone building structures. In order to facilitate construction, the idea of prefabricated split column frame structure has thus been proposed, followed by a comparison and an analysis of the seismic performance of the intergal column frame structure and the split column frame structure based on a finite element numerical simulation. The results indicate that the acceleration response of the prefabricated split column frame structure is easier to be stabilized than that of the cast-in-situ integral column frame under seismic action. Compared with integral column frames, there is a larger displacement response for prefabricated split column frames, with the base shear force of the prefabricated split column frame structure smaller than that of the intergal column frame structure. The damage area of concrete joints in cast-in-situ integral column frame structures is larger than that in split column frame structures, indicating a protective role to be played by steel sleeves in the joints of frame structures. The prefabricated split column frame structure is more suitable for hard fields. Overall the prefabricated split column frame structure is characterized with a stronger ductility, a better energy consumption performance and a higher stability.