In view of an investigation of the ecological efficiency and change trend of coal mining and processing industry in Western China, taking the coal mining and processing industry in the western region from 2011 to 2019 as the research object, a calculation has thus been made of the ecological efficiency of coal mining in the targeted area from both static and dynamic aspects by using the super-efficiency SBM model of unexpected output and Malmquist index. The results show that the ecological efficiency of coal mining industry in Western China is generally maintained at a low level, with a great diversity in the ecological efficiency values among different provinces from 2011 to 2019, combined with the natural breakpoint method, the corresponding regions of efficiency value can be divided into three grades: low efficiency region, medium efficiency region and high efficiency region; during the study period, the total factor productivity shows a gradual upward trend, with an average TFP index of 1.05, indicating that the annual average growth rate of the ecological efficiency of coal mining in the western region is 5%, reaching a maximum growth rate of 24.7% from 2018 to 2019.