Based on the data of the fifth census in 2000 and the sixth census in 2010, a prediction has been made of the elderly population in the streets of townships and towns in Rongcheng City in 2035 by using the age shift algorithm; with the spatial analysis method in ArcGIS adopted, an analysis has been made of the spatial distribution characteristics of the elderly population and elderly care institutions in towns and streets of Rongcheng City in 2010 and 2035. The research shows that from 2010 to 2035, the elderly population in various towns and streets shows a rapid increasing trend, while in Yatou Street, Gangwan Street, Xunshan Road and Chishan Street it is also in a growth state. From 2010 to 2035, there are diversities in the spatial aggregation degree of the elderly population, with its peak area in the southern and central regions, and a low aggregation degree of the elderly population in the northern region. The spatial distribution of facilities of elderly care institutions is consistent with the spatial distribution of the elderly population with a degree of diversity. Yatou Street and Gangwan Street are elderly population gathering areas with an obviously insufficient layout of elderly care institutions.