With the collected data of carbon emissions of seven large listed companies in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2016, and based on the grey system theory, a simulation and prediction have been made of the carbon emissions of seven large listed companies in 2014—2025, with three scenarios set to analyze the future carbon emissions of enterprises. The results show that, from 2014 to 2025, with the original development mode remaining unchanged, the carbon emissions of WK, JZT, HL, H, XD companies show an upward trend, while those of ZL, BD companies show a downward trend. Due to the difference of the influencing factors and influencing degrees of carbon emissions of enterprises in different industries, the total assets of enterprises exert a greater impact on carbon emissions of metal products industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry; the number of enterprises has a greater impact on special equipment manufacturing industry, metal products industry and coal power generation industry. The per capita turnover has a great influence on power and heat production and supply industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry and special equipment manufacturing industry; the carbon emission intensity has a great influence on metal products industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, power and heat production and supply industry. In the energy-saving scenario of 2014—2025, compared with BAU, the carbon emissions of seven enterprises decrease by 2.0% to 12.3%, while in the low-carbon scenario, the carbon emissions of seven enterprises decrease by 4.0% to 29.0%.