tock exchanges as research samples, firstly by using SPSS software, the factor analysis has been used to evaluate its performance. Secondly, the partial least squares regression model has been constructed by using Matlab software, followed by an analysis of the relationship between financing structure and business performance. The empirical results show that the endogenous financing ratio and current debt ratio of rail transit listed companies are positively correlated with their operating performance, while the long-term debt ratio, equity financing ratio and commercial credit ratio are negatively correlated with their operating performance. A proposal has been made that as an important carrier of urban economic and social development, rail transit enterprises should constantly improve the self-accumulation mechanism, enhance the capital utilization ability, adjust the liability structure, and strengthen the supervision and restraint on liability financing. Meanwhile, a strict equity financing system should be established to avoid excessive concentration of equity.