An experimental test has been conducted on the seismic behavior of four RC cylinders under the action of constant axial force and repeated horizontal loads, which verifies an improvement in the seismic performance of RC cylinders strengthened with HPFL. The seismic bearing capacity and ductility of the column can be improved and the total energy dissipation capacity can be increased by the strong constraint on the transverse reinforcement of the column concrete danger section and the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement. Specifically, the strain of HPFL is not significant compared with that of the original cylinders for the primary reinforcement columns under unloading axial force, which improves the seismic bearing capacity of columns significantly. For the secondary stressed columns without axial force and the secondary stressed columns without axial force and seismic damage, although the HPFL strain lags behind the original column concrete phenomenon, the delay of the reinforcement layer and the strong restraining mechanism of the plastic hinge zone gradually exerts the effect of increasing the rotation ability of the plastic hinge, so that the column ductility is improved sequentially. Meanwhile, the P-Δ skeleton curve of the damaged column shows a downward trend, with the HPFL strengthened, verifying the conclusion that HPFL can obviously improve the longitudinal and transverse crack morphology of the reinforced cylinder.