By changing the axial compression ratio of the model of short-pier shear wall joints, the ANSYS software has been used to analyze the thrust force of the joints. Based on the simulation experiment on 5 groups of nodes (with an axial compression ratio of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 respectively) , a comparative analysis has been made of the change patterns of the energy consumption performance, stiffness degradation, crack development, ultimate bearing capacity, ultimate displacement and ductility of the joints under different axial compression ratios. The research shows that the development speed of cracks under reverse loading is far greater than that under forward loading; the shear wall joint is the weak link of the whole process; the optimal energy dissipation of nodes can be achieved with 0.3 being the axial compression ratio, where the ultimate bearing capacity and the ultimate displacement reach their maximums with the best seismic performance.