There exists in nuclear power industries potential hazards of artificial nuclide aerosols harmful to the public health. The generation of artificial nuclide aerosol mainly comes from nuclear power, including the stage of uranium mining and metallurgy, as well as the nuclear fuel production, the operation and decommissioning of nuclear power, and different accident phases, etc. The transport and migration of nuclide aerosols in the atmosphere normally undergo a very complex process, which is mainly affected by such factors as the atmospheric wind field and climate characteristics, topography and geomorphology characteristics, the source of pollutants, etc. Studies on the migration and diffusion of artificial nuclide aerosols at home and abroad mainly focus on three aspects: the migration of nuclides in uranium mines and uranium tailings pools, the migration of nuclide aerosols in nuclear accidents and the atmospheric dispersion of nuclide aerosols. It can be predicted that the future research of nuclear artificial nuclide aerosol migration will be mainly focused on the micro-space small-scale migration and migration control of nuclide aerosols.