The finite element model is established based on a large mining dump truck frame structure, and the stress distribution of frame under different working conditions are computed by the inertial release method. Meanwhile the stress test on the operating car frame of mine is conducted. The test result and simulated result are compared and it is found that the frame stress error is controlled within 10%, thereof the validity of finite element analysis of the frame stress is verified. In order to improve the performance of the frame, the topology structure is designed and a reliable frame structure is obtained through structure optimization. The simulation results show that the performance of the improved frame is greatly improved.