Based on the 1979—2009 data of Hunan Statistical Yearbook, the relationship of human capital and economic growth are studied. The results show that human capital and economic growth in Hunan Province is a positive correlation, and the improvement of higher education population is the most critical factor to promote Hunan economic growth. After 30 years of development, Hunan Province has made great development in education, and there is the potential. Therefore, further enhances the education level, consolidates the basis of primary and secondary education and increases the proportion of higher education population so as to lay a solid foundation for Hunan Province sustained and healthy development.