Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the eastern region from 2008 to 2017, DEA model is used to measure the efficiency of the logistics industry in the eastern region by taking as the input indicators the investment in fixed assets, total wages, operating mileage and number of employees of the logistics industry, and taking as the output indicators the added value of logistics, freight volume and turnover of goods, followed by an analysis of the influencing factors of logistics industry efficiency by using Tobit regression model. The results show that the overall efficiency of the logistics industry in the eastern region remains at a high level, with the efficiency of the logistics industry in Tianjin, Hebei and Shanghai ranking first in the eastern region, while the efficiency of the logistics industry in Hainan Province remains relatively low, with a discrepancy in the efficiency of the logistics industry in the eastern region. The efficiency of logistics industry in eastern China is positively related to the level of economic development, industrial structure, utilization rate of logistics resources, location advantage and marketization degree. Finally, based on the conclusion, some suggestions are to be put forward to improve the efficiency of logistics industry in the eastern region.