After the liberation of Hainan Island, the Communist Party of China and the government developed a series of concrete and effective policies and measures according to the economic, social and cultural realities of the Li and Miao ethnic areas, which promotes the region from a hunter-gatherer society to an agrarian society. The trans formation of agricultural productivity, infrastructure, education and culture, and people’s living standards had been significantly improved, which quickly narrowed the gap between the social and economic development levels of Li and Miao areas and the others, hence the foundation for further development was laid.Practice has proved that these policies and measures not only conform to the development law of agricultural society, but also fully connect with the reality of Li and Miao areas, thus achieving good policy benefits at that time, which also provides a good reference for promoting the development of The Li and Miao ethnic areas of Hainan today.