The construction of literary theory not only contains the consciousness of literature, but also the social appeal formed in the era. The New Culture Movement is the attempt of many radical intellectuals to explore the new social structure based on the ideal subject of individuality. It takes literature as its front and forms a series of binary oppositions. After the New Culture Movement, there was a conflict between the ideological revolution and the social revolution carried by literature. The two also played different roles in the questions of “how to write” and “how to do”. The value of Mao Zedong’s Speech at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art lies in finding a way to bridge these binary opposition. The system formed by the integration of binary is also the value of Marxist literary theory. While responding to the question of “how to write”, it also responds to the question of “how to do”.